Meryem-uz-Zamanî
| Mariam-uz-Zamani | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Meryem-uz-Zamanî'nin artistik tasviri | |||||
| Doğum | Harkha Bai y. 1542 Amer, Amber Krallığı | ||||
| Ölüm | 19 Mayıs 1623 Agra,[1] Agra Subah, Mughal Empire | ||||
| Defin | Meryem-uz-Zamanî Türbesi, Sikandra, Agra | ||||
| Eş(ler)i | Ekber (e. 1562; ö. 1605) | ||||
| Çocuk(lar)ı | |||||
| |||||
| Babası | Amer Racası Bharmal | ||||
| Annesi | Rani Çampavati | ||||
| Dini | Hinduizm | ||||
Meryem-uz-Zamanî çev. 'Meryem/Zamanın Merhametlisi';[5] y. 1542 - 19 Mayıs 1623), genellikle yanlış bir şekilde Jodha Bai olarak bilinen,[6] üçüncü Babür imparatoru Ekber'in baş eşi ve en sevdiği karısıydı.[7][8][9][10][11] Ayrıca kırk üç yıllık (1562–1605) görev süresiyle Babür İmparatorluğu'nun en uzun süre görev yapan Hindu imparatoriçesidir.[12][13]
Rajput prensesi olarak doğan[14][a] siyasi zorunluluklar nedeniyle babası Amer'in Raja Bharmal'ı tarafından Ekber ile evlendirildi.[17][18] Ekber ile evliliği, Ekber'in dini ve sosyal politikalarında kademeli bir değişime yol açtı. Modern Hint tarih yazımında, genişleyen çok etnikli ve çok dinli bir imparatorluk içinde Ekber'in dini farklılıklara hoşgörüsünü ve kapsayıcı politikalarını örnekleyen kişi olarak kabul edilir.[18] Olağanüstü bir güzelliğe sahip olduğu söylenir[19][20] ve hem zarafeti hem de zekasıyla tanınırdı. Ekber'in hareminde önemli bir yere sahipti ve Ebü’l-Fazl el-Allâmî'nin sözleriyle imparatorluk hareminde yüksek bir rütbeye sahip olan Ekber'in kıdemli eşiydi.[21][22]
Meryem-uz-Zamanî, Babür İmparatorluğu'nun imparatoriçe eşi ve kraliçe annesi olarak geçirdiği süre boyunca birçok ayrıcalığa sahip olan entelektüel,[23] sevimli, nazik[24] ve hayırlı bir kadın[21] olarak tanımlanır.[25] Ekber'in gözdesiydi, önemli bir kişisel servete sahipti ve zamanının en zengin kadınlarından biri olarak kabul ediliyordu.[7][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Babür İmparatorluğu'nun en üretken kadın tüccarı olarak kabul edilir ve Babür kadınlarının yeni genişleyen dış ticaret işindeki rolünün belirlenmesine yardımcı olmuştur.[33][34][35] Ekber'in hayatta kalan en büyük oğlu ve nihai halefi Cihangir'in annesi ve Şah Cihan'ın büyükannesidir.
Notlar
değiştirKaynakça
değiştir- Özel
- ^ Rogers, Alexander; Beveridge, Henry, (Ed.) (1909). The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr, Volume 2. Royal Asiatic Society, London. s. 261.
- ^ a b Lal 1980, s. 133.
- ^ a b Foreign Department Of India (1905). References In The Press To The Visit Of Their Royal Highnesses, The Prince And Princess Of Wales To India, 1905-06. s. 421.
- ^ Sujan Rai, Bhandari (1695). Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh. Zafar Hasan. s. 374.
- ^ Mukhia, Harbans (2004). India's Islamic Traditions, Islam in Kashmir (Fourteenth to Sixteenth Century). New Delhi [India]: The Medieval History Journal, New Delhi. s. 126.
- ^ Houghteling, Sylvia (2017). "The Emperor's Humbler Clothes: Textures of Courtly Dress in Seventeenth-Century South Asia". Ars Orientalis. Cilt 47. s. 103. doi:10.3998/ars.13441566.0047.005
. JSTOR 45238933.
- ^ a b Hindu Shah, Muhammad Qasim (1569–1612). Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi. 2. s. 143.
Akbur, after this conquest, made a pilgrimage to Khwaja Moyin-ood-Deen Chishty at Ajmere and returned to Agra; from whence he proceeded to visit the venerable Sheikh Sulim Chishty, in the village of Seekry. As all the king's children had hitherto died, he solicited the Sheikh's prayers, who consoled him, by assuring him he would soon have a son, who would live to a good old age. Shortly after, the favourite sooltana, being then pregnant, on Wednesday the 17th of Rubbee-ool-Awul, in the year 997 was delivered of a son, who was called Sulim.
- ^ Mehta, Jaswant Lal. Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India (İngilizce). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. s. 222. ISBN 978-81-207-1015-3.
Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Rajput custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise profound impact on the sociocultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar. Salim (later Jahangir), the heir to the throne, was born of this wedlock on 30th August 1569.
- ^ Ashirbadi Lal, Srivastava (1964). Medieval Indian Culture. Universal Publications. s. 184.
- ^ Chaudhary, S.N. Roy (2011). Restoration of Split Milk. Gyan Publishing House. s. 77. ISBN 978-81-212-1046-1.
The mother of Jahangir was a pious Hindu princess, the most favorite queen of Akbar
- ^ Ahloowalia, B. S. (2009). Invasion of the Genes: Genetic Heritage of India (İngilizce). Strategic Book Publishing. s. 130. ISBN 978-1-60860-691-7.
- ^ Findly 1988, ss. 229, 233.
- ^ Faruqui, Munis D. (27 Ağustos 2012). The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719 (İngilizce). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02217-1.
- ^ Aftab, Tahera (2008). Inscribing South Asian Muslim Women: An Annotated Bibliography & Research Guide. Leiden: Brill Publishers. s. 44.
- ^ Findly 1988, s. 229.
- ^ "Harking back: Mystery of the Rajput empress Mariam Zamani". Dawn. 22 Mart 2020.
- ^ Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: from Sultanate to the Mughals. Revised. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. ss. 111-112. ISBN 978-81-241-1066-9.
- ^ a b chief, Bonnie G. Smith (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of women in world history
. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. s. 656. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9.
- ^ Pillai, Manu S. (2019). The Courtesan The Mahatma And The Italian Brahmin Tales From Indian History. Westland Publications Limited.
- ^ Price, Mahor David, (Ed.) (1829). Tarikh-i-Salim Shahi.
- ^ a b Fazl, Abul (1590). Ain-I-Akbari. 3. s. 49.
When the world-conquering armies had been deputed, the Shāhinshāh proceeded stage by stage. On the day that he reached Sirohī, Mādhū* Singh and a number of men were sent to fetch that nursling of fortune's garden, Shahzāda Sultān Daniel, who had been conveyed from Ajmīr to Amber, so that he might be brought back to Ajmīr, and might come under the shadow of the Presence. In order to do honour to Rajah Bhagwān Das, his auspicious sister, who held high rank in the imperial harem, was sent off in order so that she might be present at the mourning for her brother Bhūpat, who had fallen in the battle of Sarnāl.
- ^ Mukherjee, Soma (2001). Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions (İngilizce). Gyan Books. s. 128. ISBN 978-81-212-0760-7.
- ^ Fazl, Abul (1907). The Akbarnama. II. Beveridge, Henry tarafından çevrildi. ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. s. 242.
In order to effect this purpose he thought of a special alliance, to wit that he should by means of those who had the right of entree introduce his eldest daughter, in whose forehead shone the lights of chastity and intellect, among the attendants on the glorious pavilion. In as much as graciousness is natural to His Majesty the Shahinshah his petition was accepted and His Majesty sent him off from this station along with Caghatai Khan in order that he might arrange for this alliance, which is the material of the eternal glory of the family, and quickly bring his daughter.
- ^ Badayuni, Abdul Qadir (1590). Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. III.
- ^ Lal 1980, s. 104: "With a blue-blooded Rajput princess in the harem, there came about a radical change in the style of life in the palace and at the court.' Jodha Bai was as good-looking as she was tactful. Warm-hearted liberalism added lustre to her physical charm. Akbar respected her. So did everybody else. Maham Anga, in particular, became very fond of her. Soon she became a centre around which life in the palace revolved. Akbar (king of hindustan) often consulted her on important matters; her responses were invariably high-minded and above partisanship. An equation of complete trust gradually developed between the two. The future greatness of Akbar was in no small measure due to the large-heartedness of Jodha Bai. With a lesser person in her place, the story of the reign of Akbar might have been different."
- ^ "Ruby Lal and Ira Mukhoty on the powerful women of Mughal Empire". 25 Ocak 2019. 9 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2022.
- ^ Smith, Bonnie G., (Ed.) (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. 4. Oxford University Press. s. 656. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9.
- ^ Khan, Ahmad Nabi (1970). Pakistan archaeology no.7. s. 123.
- ^ Havell, E. B. (Ernest Binfield) (1918). The history of Aryan rule in India from the earliest times to the death of Akbar. The Library of Congress. New York, Frederick A. Stokes company. s. 463.
- ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (2004). The empire of the great Mughals: history, art and culture. Corinne Attwood, Burzine K. Waghmar, Francis Robinson. Londra: Reaktion Books. ss. 148. ISBN 978-1-86189-185-3. OCLC 61751123.
- ^ Srivastava. A.l. (1957). A Short History Of The Akbar The Great. s. 22.
- ^ Mohammada, Malika (2007). The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India (İngilizce). Aakar Books. s. 300. ISBN 978-81-89833-18-3.
- ^ Findly, Ellison Banks. Mughal Women. American Oriental Society. s. 233. JSTOR 603650.
- ^ Findly 1993, ss. 177–178: "About this time, Jahangir's own immediate family experienced some changes. His mother, the charismatic and adventurous Hindu widow of Akbar, Maryamuzzamani, died early in the summer of 1623 in Agra and was buried in a tomb in Sikandra near her husband, Akbar. Maryamuzzamani had played an important social role in Jahangir's life by hosting most of his family celebrations at her own home, and she had, in the larger arena, helped chart the role of Mughal women in the newly expanding business of foreign trade. Though Jahangir must have grieved immensely at her death, his notice of it in his memoirs was very short, saying only that “I trust that Almighty God will envelop her in the ocean of His mercy.” She was the last in the illustrious series of parents to die in this period, and her death came, strangely, only four years before Jahangir's own."
- ^ Findly 1988, s. 232.
- Genel
- Eraly, Abraham (2000). Emperors of the Peacock Throne the saga of the great Mughals. Penguin books. ISBN 978-0-14-100143-2.
- Findly, Ellison Banks (Nisan–Haziran 1988). "The Capture of Maryam-uz-Zamānī's Ship: Mughal Women and European Traders"
. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 108 (2). American Oriental Society. ss. 227-238. doi:10.2307/603650. JSTOR 603650. - Bargoti, Rajeev (1991). "Maryam Zamani's Baoli at Bayana". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Cilt 52. Indian History Congress. ss. 464-469. JSTOR 44142642.
- Findly, Ellison B. (1993). Nur Jan:Empress of Mughal India. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536060-8.
- Lal, Muni (1980). Akbar. University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-7069-1076-6. OCLC 7796032.
- Mukhoty, Ira (2018). Daughters of the Sun: empresses, queens and begums of the Mughal Empire. New Delhi: Aleph Book Company. ISBN 978-93-86021-12-0. OCLC 1040634538.
- Lal, Muni (1988). Mughal Glory. Delhi: Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd. ISBN 81-220-0076-2.
- Jahangir, Emperor; Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh (1999). The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Washington, D.C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. ss. [1], 316. ISBN 978-0-19-512718-8.
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