Saba Krallığı

Şeba,^[a] veya Saba,^[b] M.S. 275'ten önce Yemen'de var olan eski bir Güney Arap krallığıydı.^[1] Muhtemelen MÖ 1000 ile MÖ 800 arasında var olmaya başlamış olması muhtemeldir.^[1]^[2] Sakinleri Sabalılardı,^[c] bunlar bir halk olarak MÖ 1. binyılın büyük bir bölümünde krallıktan ayrılmazdı.^[2] Modern tarihçiler, Saba medeniyetinin merkezinin Marib ve Sirvah çevresindeki bölgede bulunduğu konusunda hemfikirdir.^[3]^[4] Bazı dönemlerde, modern Yemen'in çoğuna^[2] ve hatta Afrika Boynuzu'nun bazı bölgelerine, özellikle Eritre ve Etiyopya'ya yayıldılar.^[5] Krallığın ana dili, Eski Güney Arap dilinin bir çeşidi olan Sabacaydı.^[6]

Notlar

^ /ˈʃiːbə/; İbranice: שְׁבָא;
^ Sabaca: 𐩪𐩨𐩱; Arapça: سبأ; Geez dili: ሳባ
^ Sabaca: 𐩪𐩨𐩱; Arapça: ٱلسَّبَئِيُّوْن; İbranice: שְׁבָאִים

Kaynakça

^ ^a ^b "The kingdoms of ancient South Arabia". British Museum. 4 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Şubat 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c Schiettecatte 2024.
^ Michael Wood, "The Queen Of Sheba", BBC History.
^ Nebes 2023, s. 299.
^ Nebes 2023.
^ Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity, 1991.

Bibliyografya

Arbach (2021), The kingdom of Sabaʾ in the second century CE — A reassessment (İngilizce), Presses Universitaires du Midi, s. 6916 Ocak 2025
Arbach, Mounir; Rossi, Irene (2022). The city-states of the Jawf at the dawn of Ancient South Arabian history (8th–6th centuries BCE). L'Erma Di Bretschneider.
Avanzini, Alessandra (2016). By land and by sea: a history of South Arabia before Islam recounted from inscriptions. L'Erma Di Bretschneider.
Hoyland, Robert (2002). Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam. Routledge.
Korotayev, Andrey (1995). Ancient Yemen. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-922237-1.
Korotayev, Andrey (1996). Pre-Islamic Yemen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 3-447-03679-6.
Magee, Peter (2014). The Archaeology of Prehistoric Arabia: Adaptation and Social Formation from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. Cambridge University Press.
Maraqten, Mohammed (2021). "Historiography of Pre-Islamic Arabia: Arab Scholars and Their Contributions to the Writing of the History of Ancient Yemen". Baadj, Amar (Ed.). A Handbook of Modern Arabic Historical Scholarship on the Ancient and Medieval Periods. Brill. ss. 100-137.
Nebes, Norbert (2023). "Early Saba and Its Neighbors". Radner, Karen (Ed.). The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: The Age of Persia. 5. Oxford University Press. ss. 299-375. ISBN 978-0-19-068766-3.
Potts, Justine (2025). "An Unpublished Inscription From the ʾAwām Sanctuary of ʾAlmaqah: New Evidence for a Royal mqtwy and Sabaean Campaigns in the 'Land of the Abyssinians'". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. doi:10.1111/aae.12262.
Robin, Christian Julien (2002). "Saba' and the Sabaeans". Simpson, John (Ed.). Queen of Sheba, Treasures from Ancient Yemen. The British Museum Press. ss. 51-58.
Robin, Christian Julien (2015). "Before Ḥimyar: Epigraphic Evidence for the Kingdoms of South Arabia". Fisher, Greg (Ed.). Arabs and Empires Before Islam. Oxford University Press. ss. 90-126.
Robin, Christian Julien (2020). "Allah avant Muhammad". Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam: 1-145.
Schiettecatte, Jérémie (2024). "Sabaʾ". Thematic Dictionary of Ancient Arabia.
Schulz, Regine (2024). "South Arabia and Its Relations with Ethiopia: A Reciprocal History". Sciacca, Christine (Ed.). Ethiopia at the Crossroads. Yale University Press. ss. 127-133. ISBN 978-0-300-27279-6.
Stein, Peter (2020). "Ancient South Arabian". Hasselbach-Andee, Rebecca (Ed.). A Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Languages. Wiley. ss. 337-353.
Stein, Peter (2024). "Südarabien (Jemen). Das "Glückliche Arabien"". Kaplony, Andreas (Ed.). Geschichte der arabischen Welt (Almanca). C.H.Beck. ss. 3-10. ISBN 978-3-406-82246-9.

İleri okumalar

Archibald, Zofia H.; Davies, John; Gabrielsen, Vincent; Oliver, Graham (16 Ocak 2006). Hellenistic Economies (İngilizce). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-56592-4.
Breton, Jean-Francois (2000). Arabia Felix From The Time Of The Queen Of Sheba Eighth Century B.C. to First Century A.D. University of Notre Dame Press.
De Maigret, Alessandro (2009). Arabia Felix: An Exploration of the Archaeological History of Yemen. Medina Publishing.
Klotz, David (2015). "Darius I and the Sabaeans: Ancient Partners in Red Sea Navigation". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 74 (2): 267-280. doi:10.1086/682344.
Wynbrandt, James (14 Mayıs 2014). A Brief History of Saudi Arabia (İngilizce). Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-0830-8.
Yahya, Hârun (1999). Perished Nations (İngilizce). Global Yayincilik. ISBN 978-1-897940-87-7.

Dış bağlantılar

"Queen of Sheba mystifies at the Bowers" – UC Irvine news article on Queen of Sheba exhibit at the Bowers Museum
"A Dam at Marib" from the Saudi Aramco World online – March/April 1978
Queen of Sheba Temple restored (2000, BBC)
William Leo Hansberry, E. Harper Johnson, "Africa's Golden Past: Queen of Sheba's true identity confounds historical research", Ebony, April 1965, p. 136 — thorough discussion of previous scholars associating Biblical Sheba with Ethiopia.
S. Arabian "Inscription of Abraha" in the Sabaean language Archived 2016-02-03 at the Wayback Machine, at Smithsonian/NMNH website
Saba' (Encyclopædia Britannica)

[1] /ˈʃiːbə/; İbranice: שְׁבָא;

[2] Sabaca: 𐩪𐩨𐩱; Arapça: سبأ; Geez dili: ሳባ

[5] Sabaca: 𐩪𐩨𐩱; Arapça: ٱلسَّبَئِيُّوْن; İbranice: שְׁבָאִים

[British_Museum-3] "The kingdoms of ancient South Arabia". British Museum. 4 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Şubat 2013.

[FOOTNOTESchiettecatte2024-4] Schiettecatte 2024.

[6] Michael Wood, "The Queen Of Sheba", BBC History.

[FOOTNOTENebes2023299-7] Nebes 2023, s. 299.

[FOOTNOTENebes2023-8] Nebes 2023.

[munro-hay22-9] Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity, 1991.

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