English: Manisa, 1923 (Frédéric Gadmer, Albert Kahn Collection). As the Turkish Nationalist Struggle approached its completion with the Great Attack (Büyük Taarruz) of 26-30 August 1922, the Greek army began to retreat from the occupied lands in Western Anatolia. However, as they withdrew, the villages and towns of the Western Anatolia were set on fire, leading many civilian casualties. This photograph was taken on January, 12, 1923, in Manisa, a couple of months after the Greek retreat. According to the report of an American diplomat in Manisa, 10,300 homes and fifteen mosques were destroyed in the city. The man sitting on the far left floor of the front row is reported to have lost his mind after having been trapped in a burning building.