English: Numbers denote reservoir mass, also called “carbon stocks” in Pg C (1 Pg C = 1015 g C) and annual carbon exchange fluxes (in Pg C yr−1) between the atmosphere and its two major sinks, the land and ocean. Black numbers and arrows indicate reservoir mass and exchange fluxes estimated for the time prior to the Industrial Era, about 1750. Red arrows and numbers indicate annual “anthropogenic” fluxes averaged over the 2000–2009 time period. These fluxes are a perturbation of the carbon cycle during Industrial Era post 1750. Red numbers in the reservoirs represent cumulative changes of anthropogenic carbon over the Industrial Period 1750–2011. The diagram model is taken from Sarmiento and Gruber (2002) and all numbers of stocks and fluxes are reproduced from Ciais et al. (2013).