This work is in the public domain in France for one of the following reasons:

• Its author (or the last of its authors in the case of a collaboration work) died more than 70 years ago (CPI art. L123-1) and did not benefit from any copyright extension (CPI art. L123-8, L123-9 and L123-10)^[1];
• It is an anonymous or pseudonymous work (the identity of the author has never been disclosed) or a collective work^[2] and more than 70 years have passed since its publication (CPI art. L123-3);
• It is the recording of an audiovisual or musical work already in the public domain, and more than 50 years have passed since the performance or the recording (CPI art. L211-4).

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Please note that moral rights still apply when the work is in the public domain. They encompass, among others, the right to the respect of the author's name, quality and work (CPI art. L121-1). Attribution therefore remains mandatory.

1. ↑ Copyright extensions must be considered only in the case of musical works and of authors Mort pour la France (died during conflict, in the service of France). In other cases, they are included in the 70 years post mortem auctoris length (see this statement of the Cour de Cassation).
2. ↑ The collective work status is quite restrictive, please make sure that it is actually established.

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• (b) 10 years since issuance for the author of an artistic photographic series
• (c) 5 years since issuance for the author of an isolated artistic photograph

Of the aforementioned photographs, those whose term hadn't expired before 1996 received a considerable prolongation, according to the Romanian Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights Law no. 8/1996 of March 14, 1996 Article 149, Paragraph 3, modified by Law no. 285/2004 of June 23, 2004, Article 128:

The length of copyright over works that have been created before the enforcement of this law and whose protection terms had not expired according to the previous legislation are prolonged to the protection term provided by this law.

Therefore, Romanian artistic photographs whose protection term expired before 1996 are now in the public domain. These include photographic series published before 1986 and isolated photographs published before 1991. As a courtesy, please credit the author whenever using the photograph.

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